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Partners for Progressive Israel (formerly Meretz USA) is a non-governmental organization and registered 501(c)3 devoted to civil rights in Israel, and human rights throughout the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. The organization advocates a two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, social justice, human rights (especially for ethnic and sexual minorities), religious freedom, and environmentalism.〔http://972mag.com/palestinian-freedom-rides-and-the-legacy-of-the-us-civil-rights-movement/28101/〕 == History == Partners for Progressive Israel’s philosophy comes from a merger of two schools of Zionism: Socialist Zionism, and Labor Zionism. Socialist Zionism’s principles were shared society, peace and social justice. Liberal Zionism championed standards such as civil and human rights, religious pluralism and political and economic sustainability. Today, all of these issues comprise our mission. Organizationally, Partners for Progressive Israel has roots in the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, which was founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary. In 1947, adult former members of Hashomer Hatzair in the United States, who due to World War II were unable to move to theYishuv (pre-Statehood Israel), driven to maintain a social and political cohesion, came together and created the Progressive Zionist League (PZL). In the years immediately following Israel’s independence, PZL members sought a means for involving people not from "the movement" to share in the political activities; in 1950, PZL formed a related group, Americans for Progressive Israel (API).〔http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/tam_147/〕 API was active in promoting peaceful relations between Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs. In 1952, PZL began publication of a magazine, “Israel Horizons.” The publication was a voice for left-wing Zionists for 59 years. Taken over by API a few years after it was formed, IH continued publication until 2011. When the PZL folded in the 1950s, API assumed the mantle of the adult "arm" of the movement represented by Hashomer Hatzair, as well as PZL's representation in the American Zionist movement and its diverse organizations. Immediately following the Israeli victory in the Six Day War, API was the first pro-Israel group in the USA to call for direct negotiations between Israel and the Arab states.〔http://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/08/opinion/l-a-joint-jewish-arab-peace-movement-needed-094788.html〕 Many of API's leaders joined with several other left-Zionists in the United States to create a group of peace-seeking American Zionist organizations, including Breira) and Americans for Peace Now. Meanwhile, in Israel, many of those adults who had been members of Hashomer Hatzair in the U.S. who had made aliya (moved to Israel) became active in the political party that was formed to represent the views of the Kibbutz Artzi Federation of Hashomer Hatzair, together with their urban socialists counterparts. The party, Mapam (the United Workers Party), was among the first political parties in Israel to discuss openly the need to negotiate with the Palestinians. In the early 1950s, Mapam was the second largest party in Israel. Later, in 1992, Mapam merged with two other parties —Ratz and Shinui — under a single ideological banner of peace. The new coalition party they formed, called Meretz, included such active, peace-driven politicians as Shulamit Aloni, Amnon Rubenstein, and, later, Yossi Beilin, who brought in a smaller group he formed and led called Shachar. In the mid-1990s, Meretz was Yitzhak Rabin’s most supportive coalition partner in the pursuit of a negotiated agreement with the Palestinians, via negotiations with their reprewenttives of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). In 1997, Meretz became an independent political party, and today it is headed by MK Zehava Gal-On and holds 6 seats in the Knesset. In the United States in 1997, API merged with two overlapping organizations, American Friends of Ratz — formed to provide financial support for the party in Israel — and the Education Fund for Israeli Civil Rights and Peace — formed to promote Ratz’s political agenda in the United States. The merger of these three groups gave birth to a new organization, Meretz USA. Meretz USA engaged in advocacy for peaceful negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians and worked to promote an open debate among American Jews about the realization of liberal values in Israel. In the early 2000s, Meretz USA collaborated with the Labor Zionist Alliance (today called Ameinu), as well as college-aged members of the two left-Zionist youth groups Habonim Dror North America and Hashomer Hatzair, to create the Union of Progressive Zionists (UPZ). By 2007, the UPZ had chapters at 60 universities and colleges across the United States. In 2009, the UPZ became J Street U. In 2011, Meretz USA changed its name name from Meretz USA to Partners for Progressive Israel. In 2011, Meretz USA became the first U.S. Zionist organization to call for its constituents to refrain from purchasing products manufactured in Israeli settlements established east of the Green Line, i.e., the line separating the State of Israel and territories occupied by Israel beyond the country's internationally-recognized boundaries. The campaign was intended to reassert the line between the settlements and Israel proper, which many in Israel and in other countries, including the United States, have attempted to obfuscate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Partners for Progressive Israel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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